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Protecting Digital Privacy With the Fourth Amendment Is Not For Sale Act
Brief #193 – Civil Rights;
By Rodney A. Maggay
In early 2020 the Wall Street Journal first broke a story claiming that federal agencies were acquiring cellphone data information to be used for enforcement of immigration policies.
In response to the story, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and the Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agencies for the release of documents related to how the government acquires cell phone location information.
Powder Keg – How the War in Ukraine Could Disrupt the Global Skiing Industry!
Brief #144 – Foreign Policy
By Reilly Fitzgerald
The war in Ukraine has had an impact on global markets. Ukraine is a mass producer of wheat and other food items. They also are a manufacturing hub for alpine and cross country skis with a factory in Mukachevo, Ukraine, owned by Austrian-based company, Fischer Sports. Fischer is one of the leading manufacturers of skis and other skiing-related items such as ski boots and ski poles.
According to the Cross Country Ski Areas Association, based in Vermont, Ukraine produces half of the skis sold globally each and every year; globally there are around four million skis manufactured each year. This is not just a problem for Fischer but for most major ski companies who allow Fischer to manufacture at least some of their skis for them, these brands include Rossignol, Alpina, and Scott.
Who’s Missing from the Roe v. Wade Conversation?
Brief #141 – Health & Gender
By Chelsea Dade
Turn on the news and at least one of the segments will bring up the decision to overturn Roe v. Wade. You might briefly hear about the case that got us to this point, Dobbs vs Jackson. When the Supreme Court issues its decision that the US does not confer a right to abortion, it overruled Roe v. Wade, as well as a related case, Planned Parenthood v. Casey. What happens next is states are left with the decision of whether to ban abortion.
Are the Handcuffs Tightening Around Trump?
Brief #43 – Elections & Politics
By Maureen Darby-Serson
As many know, former President Donald Trump has several investigations opened against him currently. However, are you aware that the actual amount of the major investigations is seven?
Supreme Court Abortion Decision Sparks New Privacy Concerns
Brief #140 – Health & Gender
By Alexandra Ellis
On June 24, 2022, the United States Supreme Court released the published opinion of Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization.19-1392, 597 U.S. ___. In a 6-3 majority opinion, a group of unelected officials stripped people bare of the right to choose whether they will carry a pregnancy to term and left this determination up to the states.
Misinformation Money
Brief #64 – Technology Policy
By Maureen Darby-Serson
Last month, conspiracy theorist Alex Jones was ordered to pay the families of the Sandy Hook massacre over $49 million in damages for spreading false claims that the mass shooting was a hoax. He was forced to pay to a group of parents that sued him and to an individual parent that sued him separately. And this is just one recent instance of a conspiracy theorist being forced to face the music after making hurtful claims about individuals or events.
Monkeypox: Is the Biden Administration Learning from COVID-19 Mistakes?
Brief #139 – Health & Gender Policy
By Geoffrey Small
A 2020 United Nations report outlined multiple factors contributing to the likelihood that the world will experience another pandemic. Global issues such as unsustainable agriculture, population growth, and climate change will have a significant impact on the severity and frequency of the next zoonotic diseases like monkeypox and COVID-19. The report recommended better overall international coordination.
Advance with Caution: Analyzing the Implications of Potential Supreme Court Reforms
Brief #42 – Elections & Politics
By Ian Milden
In wake of the Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health decision overturning Roe v .Wade, there have been calls to reform the Supreme Court. In this brief, I will examine the implications of potential reforms. Specifically, I will look at reforms to the nomination process, expanding the court, and term limits.
Assessing Nancy Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan
Brief #143 – Foreign Policy
By Abran C
On Tuesday August 2, 2022, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi touched down in Taiwan, becoming the highest-ranking US official to visit the island since former Speaker Newt Gingrich in 1997. Her trip was not officially approved by the Biden administration as a diplomatic mission.
The Chinese government had warned against the visit to the island that it regards as a part of its territory. The US officially recognizes Taiwan as a part of China per the one China policy, yet the US also has a long-standing relationship with Taiwan independent of China, and is its major source of military equipment.
Russia Gets Shunned by the Sports World as a Result of its Invasion of Ukraine
Russia Gets Shunned by the Sports World as a Result of Its Invasion of Ukraine
Foreign Policy Brief #151 | By: Reilly Fitzgerald | March 30, 2022
Header photo taken from: Sky News
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Photo taken from: The Canberra Times
Policy Summary
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Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has seen an outpouring of support for Ukrainians from every facet of the Western world. One of the largest initial reactions to the war has come from the sports world which banded together following the Olympics and showed a united front against Putin’s war. Numerous countries and sports leagues around the world took action, perhaps faster than governments did in condemning the violent and atrocious war in Ukraine. These reactions took place within hours and days of the start of the war.
Manchester United’s interim manager, Ralf Rangnick (a German), led his team and the opposing Watford team in a pre-match ceremony with a sign that said “peace” in several languages. Manchester City FC wore shirts with the Ukrainian flag on them during their pre-match routine to honor their Ukrainian teammate Oleksander Zinchenko. Norway, as a country, banned Russian athletes from competing in FIS World Cup nordic ski races. Russian tennis star, Andrey Rublev, wrote a statement on a camera lens that read “No War Please”, as an act of defiance against his country’s military action.
Policy Analysis
Exclusion from the world of sports is a serious show of soft power from various international organizations, it denies leaders like Putin the ability to put their country on display on a prestigious global stage. As we have seen throughout history, major international sports contests are highly linked to political events and aspirations of countries and leaders alike. The major global sporting events in the modern day are the Olympics and and the FIFA World Cup in soccer/football. Russia has been banned by both of these organizations.
The war in Ukraine is not the first time that Russia has been sanctioned by the sports community. Following their scandalous creation of a state-run doping program during the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, there was a ban on using the name of “Russian Federation” and the usage of the Russian flag for athletes at the Olympic games. Instead, those athletes were referred to as “athletes from Russian” and most recently at the 2022 Beijing Games, they were called the “Russian Olympic Committee”. At the 2014 Olympic Games, hundreds of Russian athletes were complicit in this doping program that not only utilized performance enhancing drugs but actively used the Russian intelligence agency, the FSB, to surreptitiously compromise data relating to positive test results amongst Russian athletes and tampering with urine samples prior to testing for banned substances. Supposedly, the pressure of being the host nation for those Winter Games led the Kremlin to authorize this program.
Photo taken from: Peter Cziborra / Reuters
One of the largest continental sporting competitions, in Europe, is the UEFA Champions League football (soccer), which St. Petersburg was supposed to be hosting the final match in May. However, UEFA has reversed that decision and the final match will be played in Paris. Furthermore, all Russian teams in the Champions League’s preliminary rounds were banned from the competition, as well. Russia has also been entirely banned from the FIFA World Cup taking place in November and December in Qatar.
The soft power being exerted by non-governmental sporting organizations like FIFA, FIS, and many other sports bodies is rivaling the public perception that Putin has for so long tried to portray – one of being a part of the global community. This war, however, has proven how Putin does not intend to be a part of the community and abide by the norms of how nation-states are supposed to behave.
Participating in international sports competitions is a non-combative way for nations to show dominance against the other; the actions of competing make for great sport displays, but are also just as much political events.
According to the BBC, the sports in which Russia has been banned from international competitions are as follows: soccer (football), rugby, Formula 1, The Diamond League (Track and Field), WorldTour Pro Cycling has been Russian teams, World Rowing, Volleyball, Archery, Badminton, Basketball, and others. The show of unity across the sports leagues of the world has sent a strong message: Participation in these events is a privilege in the world, and not a right given to every country.
Engagement Resources
Click or tap on resource URL to visit links where available
BBC Ukraine Crisis (https://www.bbc.com/sport/60568139 )
International Olympic Committee Recommendation (https://olympics.com/ioc/news/ioc-eb-recommends-no-participation-of-russian-and-belarusian-athletes-and-officials )
How COVID-19 Has Transformed Public Policy and Health Efforts
How COVID-19 Has Transformed Public Policy and Health Efforts
Health & Gender Policy Brief #150 | By: Katrenia Busch | March 27, 2022
Header photo taken from: The CDC
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Photo taken from: Wuhan Virology Center
Policy Summary
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The crisis surrounding the 2019 coronavirus pandemic has far from ended. Over the past several months, the virus has continued to spread and infect new countries at an alarming rate. The long-term effects of the outbreak are likely to manifest in a number of ways, from economic setbacks and incarceration rates to paradigmatic shifts in health care administration. The United States as well as other countries need to begin formulating strategies for dealing with these issues .
. The efforts of medical professionals and public health experts, to understand and respond effectively to the contagious epidemic have not been entirely effective. We have seen that COVID-19 has a stronger impact on people’s health and well-being if they have symptoms like heart disease, diabetes, or pulmonary disease.
COVID-19 has also been linked to a greater risk of serious disease and death among racial and ethnic groups, according to new research. COVID-19’s detrimental impacts on patients with chronic illnesses are compounded by persistent socio-economic determinants.
Unstable housing, restricted access to nutritious food, insufficient transportation, and low socioeconomic position are examples of determinants of health that have brought these differences in clinical outcomes to light.
Policy Analysis
After the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. government’s response proved to have a scope and scale not seen since World War II. The 2.2 trillion COVID motivated Stimulus Bill—even with its last-minute haggling—showed that Congress and the White House could work together in a time of emergency. It remains to be seen how this largest federal spending measure in American history will actually address the massive economic downturn; only time will tell.
In the wake of the COVID-19 virus outbreak, U.S.-China relations are likely to become more strained. The American public is being forced to recognize how much the U.S. depends on China for producing certain products that could help the country during its healthcare crisis, from N-95 masks to pharmaceuticals. In response, people are starting to ask for more oversight regarding where U.S. companies produce their health care products.
Photo taken from: Zurich (.com)
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We can expect that the federal government will make policy and organizational changes in response to COVID-19. A good example of this is its response to 9/11, when it created a new agency to coordinate the government’s anti-terrorism efforts. Post COVID is likely that the government will increase its stockpiles of medical supplies and public health surveillance in anticipation of future pandemics..
COVID also is likely to have an impact on CDC and FDA regulations, including topics such as research-sharing, emergency medical device-manufacturing, and drug-testing.
The National Defense Production Act could be used to increase communication between government agencies and private sector companies in an effort to produce public health emergency supplies in a more timely manner (e.g., ventilators, masks, etc.)
New organizations may spring from the COVID-19 crisis, like the United States Council for Recovery (USCR), which was created by the Department of Health and Human Services and private sector companies to increase communications between government agencies and the private sector.
Engagement Resources
Click or tap on resource URL to visit links where available
https://www.healthaffairs.org/do/10.1377/forefront.20201120.456386/ “Ten Urgent Reforms to Protect the CDC and FDA from Harmful Political Interference”, Health Affairs Blog, November 24, 2020.
https://www.zurich.com/en/knowledge/topics/global-risks/covid-19-the-interconnected-consequences From John Scott, Head of Sustainability Risk, Zurich Insurance Group
World Economic Outlook Update, June 2020: A Crisis like No Other, An Uncertain Recovery June 24, 2020 https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/Issues/2020/06/24/WEOUpdateJune2020
BBC News 11th March “Coronavirus: Up to 70% of Germany could become infected – Merkel” https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-51835856
https://www.eda.admin.ch/eda/en/fdfa/fdfa/aktuell/newsuebersicht/2020/05/covid-19-ams.html
AGNA/CAF/CIVICUS (2020), Rebuilding for Good: Actions Needed from Government to Support and Sustain Civil Society, http://www.civicus.org/documents/Rebuilding4Good-FINAL2.0.pdf.
WHO (2020), “Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Situation Report – 13”, (accessed on 30 April 2020), https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200202-sitrep-13-ncov-v3.pdf.
World Health Organization: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 191. Data as received by WHO from national authorities by 10AM CET, 29 July 2020
FT Article March 13th 2020 by Robin Wigglesworth “The week the World Changed: How a Markets Wobble Turned to Mayhem“ https://www.ft.com/content/86f7f914-6536-11ea-b3f3-fe4680ea68b5
FT Article March 13th 2020 by Ben Hall, Miles Johnson & Martin Arnold “Italy Wonders Where Europe’s Solidarity is as Coronavirus Strains Show”
https://www.ft.com/content/d3bc25ea-652c-11ea-b3f3-fe4680ea68b5
FT Article July 29th 2020 “Coronavirus tracked: the latest figures as countries reopen”
https://www.ft.com/content/a2901ce8-5eb7-4633-b89c-cbdf5b386938
FT Article July 19th by Jan-Werner Müller “The pandemic will strengthen smart populists”
https://www.ft.com/content/b9aca858-c17b-4c5f-8ce2-36b982489d95
Lessons for American Democracy from the Russian War with Ukraine
Lessons for American Democracy from the Russian War with Ukraine
U.S. RESIST NEWS EDITORIAL | March 28, 2022
Header photo taken from: The Moscow Times
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Photo taken from: BreezyScroll
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Russia’s invasion and war with Ukraine has been unfolding in real time in front of our eyes. The war has succeeded in bringing out the courage of Ukrainian President Zelensky and the Ukrainian people and the ruthlessness and cruelty of President Putin and the Russian army.
The war also has many important lessons for American democracy currently in a state of disrepair. Presented below are examples:
Photo taken from: LaFargue, Raphael / ABACA
The moral strength of a democratically united country.
Tiny Ukraine, which has a third of the population of Russia has nevertheless put up a united front in the face of the Russian invasion. In similar situations in other countries, leaders would have fled and a country like Ukraine would have been easily occupied, e.g. witness Afghanistan. But the Ukrainians thus far have put up a united front that has been able to slow down the ability of Russia to meet its objectives. What was once thought to be a quick Russian conquest has turned into a conflict now entering its fourth week with no end in sight.
The importance of having democratic leaders who have the support of their people.
Certainly President Zelensky is a charismatic and courageous leader, but his success draws upon the fact that his government has the universal support of the Ukrainian people. You don’t have a political environment in Ukraine where bickering between rival political parties, such as in the United States, paralyzes the ability of the government to act.
The divisiveness that occurs as a result of media misinformation.
As a result of the Russia-Ukraine war we have gained an insight into the ways in which Russia controls the flow of information to its citizens, and the misinformation that results. It appears that most Russians have little knowledge about what Russia is doing in Ukraine. State-run media tells Russians that it army is seeking to liberate Ukraine from Nazis who govern the country. The government threatens with jail time anyone who calls its actions in Ukraine “a war.” Although thankfully America still supports free and open media information, several news organizations, such as Fox News, regularly spread disinformation in support of right wing and authoritarian political views. People in the U.S. who watch these channels can be led to believe that President Putin is “a genius,” and that his actions in Ukraine are justified.
Photo taken from: NBC
The impact of having a war where everyone fights.
In America up until 1973 there was a universal draft, known as the Selective Service System, that we used to fight our wars. All males between 18 and 37 had to register with the system and were eligible. To be called up to fight as members of one of our Armed Services. The Selective Service System democratized military service by making everyone participate. Wars were truly our country’s wars; much the way in which Ukraine is fighting its war with Russia. In Ukraine all males between the ages of 18 and 60 have been asked to fight. Everyone is a part of the war effort, making it into a national unifying operation.
The importance of standing up to authoritarianism.
President Biden has aptly termed the period we are living in as a battle between democracy and authoritarianism. Over the past few decades the world has witnessed the rise of authoritarian style leaders such as Xi in China, Bolsinaro in Brazil, Victor Orban in Hungary and of course Trump and Putin. Ukraine squarely and unabashedly rightly calls itself a democracy and has positioned its conflict with Russia as a battle between an authoritarian ruler (Putin) and a democratically elected government. Media coverage of the war in Ukraine has enabled people around the world to see the ruthlessness and cruelty that happens when an authoritarian, answering only to himself, is allowed to unleash an unprovoked war on another country. In standing up to Putin the Ukrainians are showing the world the importance of the need to challenge authoritarian regimes.
Photo taken from: Newsweek
The need to revisit the issue of nuclear disarmament.
The conflict in Ukraine has re-raised the possibility of the use of nuclear weapons and a larger global nuclear war; something that has not been talked about for decades. During the early stages of the conflict President Putin indicated he was putting Russia, which has an arsenal of over 6,000 nuclear warheads, in a state of nuclear alert. President Biden and European leaders, also in command of nuclear weapons, have gone out of their way not to take steps, such as a no fly zone, that could prompt Putin to launch a nuclear strike. The prospect of a nuclear war, long ignored by the world community has been reignited. Regardless of what happens in Ukraine the world has re-awoken to the danger of nuclear weapons and the need to control and disarm them.
The need for a better global system to address the world’s growing number of refugees.
Over 3 million Ukrainians have become refugees since the start of their country’s with Russia. Their suffering and needs are placing enormous strains on nearby countries to which many of them have fled. But the Ukrainians are only the latest group in a growing number of refugees made stateless due to wars, internal conflicts in their countries as well as climate change. But their plight further highlights for the global community to develop a new system for dealing with refugees and displaced persons that is appropriate for these troubled times.
So there is much we all should learn from Russia’s war of choice with Ukraine. It’s tragic it has taken such a horrendous war to teach us these lessons.
Free Speech Advocates Push Back Against The 1619 Project Culture War, Book Bans
Free Speech Advocates Push Back Against The 1619 Project Culture War, Book Bans
Education Policy Brief #51 | By: Lynn Waldsmith | March 27, 2022
Header photo taken from: Getty Images
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Photo taken from: The Pulse
Policy Summary
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As conservatives continue to inflame the culture war over “critical race theory” and curriculum or books that it labels as unpatriotic or offensive, free speech advocates are fighting back.
At the heart of the battle is “The 1619 Project”, the controversial and Pulitzer-prize-winning initiative that has drawn both praise and criticism. Created by Nikole Hannah-Jones for The New York Times, the project has since been made into a book and is being taught in some school districts and at the college level. The 1619 Project is a compilation of essays and reflections published in August of 2019 to mark the 400th anniversary of the start of American slavery. It essentially attempts to reframe the country’s history by suggesting America actually began in 1619 when the first slave ship arrived, rather than in 1776. The 1619 Project examines the contributions of Black Americans to building the United States and the far-reaching consequences of slavery.
Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell and 38 members of his Senate GOP caucus, who want to remove the project from federal grant programs, last year called The 1619 Project “divisive” in a letter to Education Secretary Miguel Cardona.
Hannah-Jones said in response: “When you hear people like him saying that teaching the actual facts of American history are divisive, maybe that’s because we have a divisive history in this country. He’s not arguing that we shouldn’t teach the truth. He’s just saying that the truth is too difficult for our nation to bear and that we’re far too fragile to be able to withstand the scrutiny of the truth.”
Sen. Tom Cotton (R-AR) authored the Saving American History Act of 2020, which would ban the use federal tax dollars for staff development in school districts that use or adopt parts of The 1619 Project curriculum. While that federal bill didn’t grain any traction, the free speech nonprofit group PEN America reports there have been 22 bills targeting The 1619 Project in different states since January of 2021. Fourteen of those are pending, while six failed or were withdrawn. Texas is currently the only state that has legally banned the project. Hannah-Jones says she believes many politicians have not read the curriculum and she encourages them to do so before criticizing it.
Policy Analysis
History experts have criticized Republican legislators for supporting bills that attempt to force teachers to gloss over parts of U.S. history, arguing the effort is closer to nationalism and indoctrination of students, rather than teaching them how to think critically for themselves.
One view of teaching American history is to instill a sense of pride in one’s country, while another view is to teach students about how history has shaped society. As a more diverse generation of historians emerged in the post-World War II era, historical research began to include sources that had been previously ignored, including slave narratives and oral histories of former slaves. That, in turn, brought in more voices and is reshaping and building the narrative, changing the way American scholars and the public view slavery.
While some historians have criticized parts of the project, the Times has stood behind it. The Pulitzer Center, in partnership with The 1619 Project, has made lesson plans available and says more than 4,000 educators from all 50 states have reported using its resources.
“What the project at its heart tries to do is explain our country to itself,” Nikole Hannah-Jones said at the University of Notre Dame earlier this month. “People talk about the project as if it’s a history, but it’s not a history. It’s actually about America right now, and it’s using history to explain how did we get the country we got.”
In addition to efforts to stifle teaching of The 1619 Project, renewed attempts to ban various books from schools have been back in full force. This was most notably seen in Glenn Youngkin’s fall 2021 Virginia gubernatorial election, which relied on campaign ads featuring a mother who pushed to ban Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved from her son’s curriculum.
But free speech advocates are fighting back. For example, when a York County, PA school district banned several books that focused on diversity last fall, a series of student protests prompted the local school board to overturn the ban.
Photo taken from: York Daily Record
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Similarly, when a school district in a St. Louis suburb banned Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and several other books about race and gender, two students partnered with the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) of Missouri to successfully get the decision reversed. Last month the Wentzville School Board reversed its decision in the face of the criticism and a class-action lawsuit.
The ACLU, PEN America and the NCAC have been working with local activists, educators and families around the country, helping them to mobilize opposition to book bans. The CEO of Penguin Random House, Markus Dohle, has said he will personally donate $500,000 for a book defense fund to be run in partnership with PEN.
Red, Wine & Blue is a national network of politically engaged “PTA mamas and digital divas” that offers online “Trouble Maker Training”, which includes such guidance as “Present a calm face to counter the yelling and shouting” and “Own individual freedom: You can decide what is right for your child, but you don’t get to dictate what’s right for other families.”
Diversity Our Narrative is another nonprofit that is helping students take on free speech battles. It has chapters across the U.S. with over 1,700 students in more than 200 school districts who are community organizers who advocate for education that does not avoid teaching about race, racism, and anti-racism.
The “windows and mirrors” concept developed by Rudine Sims Bishop, a renowned scholar in multicultural children’s literature, theorizes that books can serve either as “mirrors” to reflect and validate one’s own identity, or as “windows” to see new perspectives. It’s clear many educators, parents and students recognize banning books that are “windows” to other parts of society or history sets a dangerous precedent.
“You cannot heal divisions by pretending they don’t exist,” James Grossman, executive director of the American Historical Association, told The 19th, a nonprofit organization in reference to The 1619 Project. “The way to address divisions is to understand the history of those divisions.”
Engagement Resources
Click or tap on resource URL to visit links where available
The 1619 Project – The New York Times:
https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/14/magazine/1619-america-slavery.html
Senate GOP letter to Education Sec. Miguel Cardona
The Saving American History Act of 2020
https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/senate-bill/4292
The Pulitzer Center/Teaching The 1619 Project:
Red, Wine & Blue
Diversify Our Narrative:
https://www.diversifyournarrative.com/
Pen America – Educational Gag Orders:
https://pen.org/report/educational-gag-orders/
Top 10 most challenged books of 2021:
https://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/frequentlychallengedbooks/top10
Situation Update #6: The Ukraine Crisis
Situation Update #6: The Ukraine Crisis
Foreign Policy Brief #150 | By: Abran C | March 28, 2022
Header photo taken from: Al Jazeera
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Photo taken from: The Sumter Item
Policy Summary
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Over a month into Russia’s assault on Ukraine, there still is no end. Russia’s attempt to conquer Ukraine has stalled and taken a much larger toll than many predicted. A lack of preparedness, supplies, and morale has caused a stalemate among ground forces. Yet as Russia’s advance has slowed, its air assaults have intensified. About 300 people are believed to have been killed in an airstrike by Russian warplanes on a theatre in the city of Mariupol. Ten million people have now fled their homes because of the invasion, with 6.5 million are displaced within Ukraine itself, and 3.5 million have fled to neighboring countries. The EU has granted Ukrainians fleeing the war a right to stay and work within the 27 member nations for up to three years. Refugees will also have access to social welfare, housing, medical treatment, and schools.
Russia has claimed it has completed the first phase of its “military operation” in Ukraine and would now focus on “liberating” eastern Ukraine’s Donbas region. The announcement appears to show that Russia may switch to more attainable goals because of fierce resistance to its incursion. Figures released from the Kremlin have put the number of dead Russian troops at 1,300 since the beginning of the invasion on February 24, 2022. NATO has put the estimated Russian death-toll at 7,000-15,000. Russian state news posted then quickly deleted an article that suggested 10,000 troops had been killed. Regardless of the disparity Russian forces have encountered huge losses. To mobilize manpower, Putin has appealed to foreign fighters from Syria, as well as private mercenaries, to assist Russia in its invasion.
Ukraine has accused Russian forces of taking Ukrainian citizens as hostages and sending them into Russia in a bid to get Ukraine to surrender. Russia has denied the claims and has said it is evacuating thousands of civilians of their own will.
Policy Analysis
Considering their setbacks, there is growing concern that Russia will turn to using chemical or nuclear weapons to break the stalemate its forces are currently in. Some members of congress have suggested that if Russia used either nuclear or chemical weapons in Ukraine and the effects of such weapons made their way into NATO states, it would be considered an attack on the alliance and force a response. Democratic Senator Jack Reed of Rhode Island stated that “If a nuclear device is detonated, and the radiation goes into a neighboring country, that could very well be perceived as an attack against NATO”. President Biden, also on Friday after an emergency NATO summit, warned that were Russia to use chemical weapons it “would trigger a response in kind”.
President Biden last week went to Europe for a round of talks with allies, and to meet with refugees and US troops in Poland. Biden announced the US would take in up to 100,000 Ukrainians and provide an additional $1billion in food, medicine, water and other aid to Ukranian refugees fleeing the war. The president added that he would push for Russia to be removed from the G-20 group and not be allowed to attend the upcoming summit in Indonesia in October. He also issued a call for Putin’s removal.
Photo taken from: The Times of Israel
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Russia’s economy continues to suffer because of sanctions. it is expected to contract 15% in 2022, leaving its GDP back where it was 15 years ago. Even more than the immediate hit of sanctions, Russia’s economy will probably continue to suffer years into the future as an increased exodus of educated and middle class Russians leave the country. This is happening at the same time as foreign companies continue to end or postpone business ties with Russia. Its relations in the region and exports with neighboring Eastern European states are also likely to suffer for years to come.
Ukranian President Volodymyr Zelensky said he was prepared to pledge that Ukraine wouldn’t join NATO in a bid to broker a peace deal with Russia. So far Putin has rejected calls for dialogue between the two countries.
Also, in a criticized move, President Zelensky announced that Eleven Ukrainian political parties would be suspended because of their links and sympathies to Russia. One party held 44 seats in the 450 seat parliament. He also stated Kyiv would shut down three television networks that he claimed worked to spread Kremlin-funded propaganda and signed a decree to unite all Ukrainian national TV channels into one platform. Though some have criticized his actions, Zelensky claims these measures were necessary in light of their anguished situation.
Congress Addresses Use Of Controversial Forced Arbitration Clauses In Two Bills
Congress Addresses Use Of Controversial Forced Arbitration Clauses In Two Bills
Civil Rights Policy Brief #185 | By: Rodney A. Maggay | March 21, 2022
Header photo taken from: Forbes
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Photo taken from: Shack News
Policy Summary
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On March 17, 2022 the United States House of Representatives passed H.R. 963. The bill is known as the Forced Arbitration Injustice Repeal (FAIR) Act. The bill passed by a 222 – 209 vote. Introduced by Congressman Hank Johnson (D-GA) the bill will ban the enforcement of forced arbitration clauses for consumers, employees and small businesses involved in legal disputes. The bill would apply to all kinds of workplace and consumer disputes that have become routine in consumer and worker contracts.
This bill follows a bill signed by President Joe Biden on March 3, 2022. That bill, known as the Ending Forced Arbitration of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Act of 2021, would amend the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) to make pre – dispute arbitration agreements for sexual assault and sexual harassment claims invalid and unenforceable. There was bipartisan support for this bill as it passed the House of Representatives by a 335 – 97 vote and passed the Senate by a voice vote.
While the Ending Forced Arbitration of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment Act of 2021 has become law the FAIR Act now moves to the Senate where its future there is uncertain. LEARN MORE, LEARN MORE, LEARN MORE
Policy Analysis
According to the Economic Policy Institute companies that have forced arbitration clauses in their contracts with consumers and employees have created a significant problem for consumers and employees who want to pursue their disputes against large corporations.
While arbitration laws in states and in foreign countries vary, a typical situation begins when the consumer or employee is first presented with the terms governing the transaction for a consumer and the terms of employment for an employee. Many of these agreements often contain a contractual clause that obligates the consumer or the employee to settle any disputes they may have through an arbitration hearing. For a consumer, an arbitration clause will usually prohibit the consumer from pursuing their dispute in court or as part of a class action.
For an employee, the arbitration clause will prohibit the employee from pursuing employment disputes, discrimination claims and a number of other employment issues in court. The only recourse these parties would have is to pursue their claim in an arbitration proceeding. Oftentimes a consumer or employee would be unable to have this clause removed from their contract or agreement as companies have made the contract a “take it or leave it” situation. A consumer or employee simply clicks “Agree” or signs the contract with the forced arbitration clause in order to continue with the transaction or continue employment.
But when a situation arises and the consumer or employee find themselves in the middle of a dispute, the party has no choice but to go through the arbitration process. The process is flawed because protections that are often utilized in court are not used in arbitration proceedings. Sometimes the arbitrator is chosen by the company which raises a number of conflict of interest issues. Or, the party is told that the hearing is informal and so parties do not bring a lawyer who might help protect them at the hearing. The arbitrator simply listens to both sides, sometimes even without a court reporter, and then issues a decision. Sometimes that decision is simply issued without a written report that lists the reasons for the decision. And, some arbitration clauses are binding which means that the decision of the arbitrator is not appealable. Consumers and employees are forced into a closed session which can be intimidating because the hearing is usually put together by the large corporation alone.
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The arbitration bills that Congress considered this month seeks to change the secrecy and one – sidedness that arbitration hearings have become. The rationale of these two bills is that people with legitimate disputes against large corporations should be permitted to have their claims heard in open court. This will allow evidence to be introduced in a transparent public forum where a jury can decide instead of having relevant information suppressed behind closed doors. And it will allow for any decisions made to be supported by reason and evidence that is put to paper instead of decisions in a closed session that may be arbitrary.
A significant benefit from these bills would be in the cases of sexual assault and sexual harassment in employment cases. Employees who were the victim of sexual assault and sexual harassment and who then were forced to pursue their claims in forced arbitration often found that companies could easily hide the instances of sexual misconduct. This did not stop the incidents of sexual misconduct but only created an atmosphere where the sexual misconduct was repeated and then covered up again. The bill passed by Congress directly addresses those situations and effectively bars the use of forced mandatory arbitration in sexual misconduct cases and allows people to now pursue a sexual harassment claim in open court. There it can now publicly hold the offending company or employer responsible.
However, the second bill, the FAIR Act still needs to be passed by the Senate. This bill is broader in that it would apply to more than just sexual misconduct cases. It would apply to nearly all consumer and employment disputes such as labor, antitrust and civil rights disputes.
If the arguments supporting the bill to end forced arbitration in sexual harassment cases are valid – more open and transparent hearings, the availability of legal protections in court and no forfeit of claims and ability to pursue them freely – then those same arguments also apply to the FAIR Act and why it needs to be passed, too. The FAIR Act would be restoring rights to workers and consumers and allow them to have their day in court to plead the harms they may have suffered. Large corporations should no longer be allowed to bypass the court system and deprive millions of Americans of a fair hearing on important situations that affect their everyday lives. The bill holding forced arbitration clauses for sexual misconduct unenforceable has now been passed.
The companion bill holding forced arbitration clauses unenforceable for all consumer and employment agreements should be enacted into law, too. Instead of letting an arbitrator decide these important disputes, it should be up to the courts decide. LEARN MORE, LEARN MORE, LEARN MORE
This brief was compiled by Rod Maggay. If you have comments or want to add the name of your organization to this brief, please contact Rod@USResistnews.org.
Engagement Resources
Click or tap on resource URL to visit links where available
Economic Policy Institute (EPI) – report and criticisms of the use of forced arbitration clauses in consumer and employee contracts.
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) – article from non – profit group urging end to forced arbitration clauses.
Administration, Members of Congress Try to Make Equal Pay Day Meaningful
Administration, Members of Congress Try to Make Equal Pay Day Meaningful
Social Justice Policy Brief #36 | By: Stephen Thomas | March 25, 2022
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Photo taken from: Time
Policy Summary
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The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) will issue a proposed regulation later in 2022 to prohibit federal agencies from seeking or relying on an applicant’s salary history in the hiring process unless the applicant raises the issue of her or his own volition. The administration of President Joseph R. Biden Jr. and Vice President Kamala D. Harris announced the upcoming rulemaking on Equal Pay Day, March 15.
Equal Pay Day marks the symbolic day to which U.S. women must work since New Year’s Day 2021 to earn the same as men earn for solely 2021.
U.S. Rep. Jan Schakowsky, the U.S. House of Representatives’ Senior Chief Deputy Whip from Illinois, summed up the pay disparity this way: “In the 21st century, it seems unbelievable that while women are the primary or co-breadwinners in six out of ten households; they still earn only 77 cents to every dollar paid to men,” Schakowsky said in a statement. “This picture is even worse for African American and Hispanic women, who earn 68 cents and 59 cents, respectively, for every dollar men are paid. Women face pay discrimination throughout their lives, and it follows them into retirement with lower pensions and Social Security benefits because they earned lower wages than they deserved.”
Policy Analysis
The upcoming OPM rule is consistent with President Biden’s executive order dated June 25, 2021, which addressed pay gaps based on gender as well as race.
The rationale is this: If women and minorities are paid less for the same work, then using a previous employer’s salary as a basis for a new salary offer prolongs the inequity.
OPM’s rule, if it survives the administrative process and becomes a part of the Code of Federal Regulations, would affect federal employment, not private sector hiring. To implement a similar law for the private sector, Congress would need to act.
Congress tried. Democratic U.S. Rep. Rosa DeLauro of Connecticut introduced the Paycheck Fairness Act in the 117th Congress—it was not the first time she introduced the bill—and the measure passed the House on April 15, 2021, by a vote of 217-210. U.S. Rep. Brian K. Fitzpatrick of Pennsylvania was the only House Republican to vote for it. U.S. Sen. Patty Murray of Washington introduced the bill in the Senate where on June 8, 2021, the measure failed to achieve the three-fifths majority required to bring the bill to the floor. No Senate Republicans voted for it.
“While I am proud the House swiftly passed the Paycheck Fairness Act earlier this year, I was disappointed it failed in the Senate at the hands of a Republican filibuster,” DeLauro said in a statement. “Nonetheless, I am committed to continuing this fight until the day we finally make Equal Pay Day a thing of the past.”
The Paycheck Fairness Act addressed discrimination based on sex, which includes, according to a congressional summary of the legislation, “pregnancy, sexual orientation, gender identity, and sex characteristics.”
The summary goes on to point out that the act also “…limits an employer’s defense that a pay differential is based on a factor other than sex to only bona fide job-related factors in wage discrimination claims, enhances nonretaliation prohibitions, and makes it unlawful to require an employee to sign a contract or waiver prohibiting the employee from disclosing information about the employee’s wages. The bill also increases civil penalties for violations of equal pay provisions.”
“Because women earn less, on average, than men, they must work longer for the same amount of pay. The wage gap is even greater for most women of color.”
Photos taken from: The U.S. Census Bureau
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The administration on March 15 announced additional steps to close the gender gap in federal employment:
- Vice President Harris would host a virtual summit attended by “partners” nationwide who are doing all they can to stem the gender pay gap.
- To address federal contractors, President Biden directed the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council “to consider enhancing pay equity and transparency, including by limiting or prohibiting federal contractors from seeking and considering information about job applicants’ and employees’ existing or past compensation when making employment decisions, and appropriate accountability measures.”
- The Labor Department issued a directive that would remind federal contractors of their obligation to conduct “pay equity audits [to] address and prevent pay disparities based on gender, race, or ethnicity.”
When OPM issues its proposed salary history regulation in the Federal Register, the federal government will accept public comments for a prescribed period. Even if the proposal becomes a part of the Code of Federal Regulations—with amendments or “as is”—there is no guarantee that it would not be challenged in the federal courts.
Engagement Resources
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Administration’s Equal Pay Day 2022 Announcement
Paycheck Fairness Act Congressional Outcome
Society for Human Resource Management Opposes Paycheck Fairness Act
Paycheck Fairness Act (shrm.org)
Chamber of Commerce Opposes Paycheck Fairness Act
National Committee on Pay Equity Advocates Ending the Gender Pay Equity Gap
National Committee on Pay Equity NCPE (pay-equity.org)
Department of Labor Pay Equity Audit Directive
COVID 19: The Great Unmasking
COVID 19: The Great Unmasking
Health and Gender Policy Brief #149 | By: Alexandra Ellis | March 22, 2022
Header photo taken from: Grist
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Photo taken from: Damian Dovarganes / AP
Policy Summary
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Since March 10, 2022, nearly all Americans can go without their masks indoors per new Center Disease Control guidance. Nearly for the entirety of the pandemic, different guidance has been given about masks – which has led to a lot of confusion and misinformation. Local, state, and federal government look to the CDC for guidance on how and when to guide their citizens on mask mandates.
At the same time, the anti-mask and medical freedom movement stormed city council meetings demanding the end of masks and emergency orders requiring them. Now, as states forgo COVID related restrictions, schools, workplaces, and shopping centers are allowing individuals to unmask. From this guidance, a lot of people are asking the question if this new guidance means masks over? If so, is this again a premature move by the CDC or are people just tired of wearing masks?
Policy Analysis
The CDC’s March 10, 2022, guidance outlines a complicated criteria for unmasking communities. The guidance is based on community data outsourced from local, state, and federal offices that track the health and wellbeing of the community. COVID – 19 numbers have dramatically dropped since the surge of the Omicron variant at the end of January 2022. A lot of people were initially confused by the community data structure.
On the CDC COVID – 19 Community Levels website, there is local and state guidance on masking and unmasking. The map data tool is supposed to guide health officials and individuals to consider “current information about COVID-19 hospitalizations in the community, as well as the potential for strain on the local health system and COVID-19 cases in the community, when making decisions about community prevention strategies and individual behaviors.” The tool comprises geographic data that suggests low to high risk of community infection. The legend defines green is low, yellow is medium, and red as high.
Some health officials criticize this system. Even low risk of infection stills means there is a chance of getting the infection. Even with three doses of mRNA vaccine, there is still a risk of catching the inflection- termed breakthrough cases. Even though most Americans are vaccinated today, there are still people who are either vaccine hesitant, individuals who have not received a second shot, or those who are ineligible. Vaccines are still not approved for children between the ages of zero to five. Other individuals with immune disorders cannot be vaccinated as well. Additionally, even if those who are categorized as high-risk of severe disease – who are vaccinated – may still be facing a substantial danger of getting COVID.
The question becomes if we are unmasking too soon. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was great camaraderie of wearing masks to prevent the spread. Individuals across the country declined vacations, and visits to grandchildren to prevent infecting at risk family members. Grocery stores and other essential services in the community even assigned specific shopping hours for people at high-risk of infection.
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In the new community guidance, the CDC emphasizes that “Communities and individuals should also make decisions based on whether they are at high risk for severe disease and take into account inequities in access to prevention strategies.” With this guidance, governments are lifting masking mandates but allowing businesses and other organizations to take an individual approach. We are seeing states like New York, New Hampshire, and Vermont lifting emergency guidelines county by county and schools are no longer requiring some staff and students to wear masks in the classroom. However some individuals are sticking with masks and only taking them off where the location requires vaccine passport – like in Burlington, VT, and Portland, ME.
In some communities like Anchorage, Alaska – where the last 30-day emergency guideline was passed in November 2021 – another mask mandate might be impossible for the city to pass. The last emergency guideline was met with tremendous pushback as exemplified by two weeks of angry public testimony. Individuals crashed the city council meeting wearing Stars of David on their chest and compared masking mandates to Nazi Germany policies of genocide. They screamed at the city council members, and some threw themselves on the floor of the council floor. They did this in the name of medical freedom.
The CDC’s new guidelines feels like a victory for the medical freedom movement. Doubters of vaccine and mask mandates and believers of COVID – 19 misinformation have held to the command that it is their body and their choice – disregarding CDC guidance. The movement for medical freedom disregards inequities in access to prevention strategies and some scholars suggest is motivated by white supremacy.
However, this new guidance is not a win for medical freedom advocates. It comes at a time where statics suggest a down tick in COVID infections as the Omicron surge passes. Some epidemiologists suggest this new guidance signals we are entering a new stage of the pandemic where it transitions to an endemic – where COVID becomes something we learn to live with rather than emergency. However, people are still dying from COVID infections every day and other epidemiologists are still concerned about the risk of new variants. It is hard to say if we are demasking too soon but is clear that state and local city councils are lifting mandates.
Engagement Resources
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To keep informed about COVID – 19 guidance check CDC guidelines regularly. COVID- 19 Community guidance and tool can be found at: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/communication/guidance.html. The map tool on this website will lead you to your local government page to check emergency COVID mandates, and other suggestions from local governments.
To see what epidemiologists are saying about COVID – 19 pandemic and trends go to Harvard School of Public Health Resource Page created for and by epidemiologists: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/coronavirus/.
To see what decisions you should make your family concerning masking see article by John Hopkins’ Bloomberg School of Public Health: https://publichealth.jhu.edu/2022/how-families-can-approach-the-great-unmasking.
To learn more about the medical freedom movement see Peter Holz’ article on the intersection between Medical Freedom and White Supremacy in the United States: https://www.jci.org/articles/view/149072.
To see an example of the Medical Freedom movement crashing a city council meeting, check out this New York times Article: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/13/us/anchorage-alaska-mask-mandate-covid.html.
To support the continuation of masking policies go to the American Hospital Association’s campaign website where you can download a social media toolkit for supporting masking mandates in your local communities: https://www.aha.org/wearamask.
New IPCC Report Indicts Failed Climate Leadership Around the World
New IPCC Report Indicts Failed Climate Leadership Around the World
Environment Policy Brief #138 | By: Todd J. Broadman | March 23, 2022
Header photo taken from: The United Nations
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Photo taken from: IPCC / Denis Onyodi
Policy Summary
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The latest Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report has been published; it is the sixth set of “assessment reports” since its foundation in 1988. The previous set was published in 2013-14. UN secretary-general António Guterres described the report as “an atlas of human suffering and a damning indictment of failed climate leadership.” Although world leaders have committed to actions that would contain global temperature rise to 1.5°C (2.7°F) above pre-industrial levels, with the current rate of emissions, latest projections put the earth on track for a temperature rise of 3°C (5.4°F) rise by the end of the century.
If these projections are realized, 50-75% of the global population could be exposed to periods of “life-threatening climatic conditions” due to extreme heat and humidity. Currently, 3.3 to 3.6 billion people reside in places “highly vulnerable to climate change.” Overall, these well-researched trends “are leading away from, rather than toward, sustainable development.”
An important distinction highlighted in the report is that there are both “hard” and “soft” limits. On the one hand, hard limits mean that no amount of human intervention can make a difference. When warm water coral reefs completely disappear, for example, there is no “fix” or “adaptation” to be made. On the other hand, soft limits include obstacles like insufficient finance and poor planning, which could be addressed through more inclusive governance. Limited fresh water in small islands, as rising seas and extreme weather can mean sea water contamination of fresh water is a hard limit; no amount of adaptation will bring low-lying islands back. By 2050, more than a billion people located in low-lying cities and settlements will be at risk from “coastal-specific climate hazards.”
Climate related diseases will take the lives of hundreds of thousands of humans. When we reach an increase of 1.5C, 9% of all species will be at very high risk of extinction, at 2C that percentage increases to 10% and at 3C to 12%. Human activity now shapes 70 percent of the ice-free surface of the globe. Nature is running out of places to hide with only a remaining 15 percent protected from development. With longer fire seasons and extended droughts, even that which remains is at risk.
As the oceans warm, marine species are being forced out of their natural habitats and are migrating poleward by warming waters. The report states that low-oxygen (hypoxia) zones are increasing in both size and number around the world “with growing impacts on fish species diversity and ecosystem functioning.” Fish may also be moving to deeper waters in response. The timing of significant marine events like phytoplankton blooms are also changing. Half a billion people depend on coral reefs and those reefs are dying due to ocean acidification. Calcifying organisms, such as mussels and oysters, are also at high risk of decline.
Policy Analysis
Socioeconomic status is closely linked to climate change vulnerability. The report found that across 92 developing countries, the poorest 40% of the population experienced losses from climate hazards that were 70% greater than the losses of people with average wealth. And each year 15 million more people will be living in extreme poverty conditions. They lack the resources to move or adapt. Many will lose their agricultural incomes and experience food and water insecurity, mostly in the continents of Africa and Asia.
Agricultural land that is currently used for growing crops and rearing livestock “will increasingly become climatically unsuitable,” which is even more alarming considering that crop productions declined nearly 10% (among four major crops) between 1850 and 2010. Land still stores more carbon than it emits each year, the report says. It stores around 3.5 tons of carbon and this is three-to-five times more than the amount stored by unextracted fossil fuels and four times more than what is currently in the atmosphere.
Photo taken from: Global Change (.gov)
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Contributions from philosophers, anthropologists and other authors from many different disciplines are new to this report and draw upon the qualitative aspects of climate change. Not only is economic inequality linked to increasing temperatures, but also higher hospital admissions for mood and behavioral disorders, anxiety, depression, and acute stress.
Actionable process to be followed?
Whereas 29% of electricity is generated by renewable energy and this is increasing at the rate of 7% annually, only about 11.2 percent of global heating, power, and transportation energy comes from non-carbon sources. Overall energy usage growth exceeds the deployment of sustainable energy sources. For that reason alone, UN secretary-general António Guterres has placed all G20 governments on alert and asked they “dismantle their coal fleets.” Coal is the single biggest CO2, the source of 46% of global emissions.
Underlying this report is an economic model based on infinite growth, a model adopted by most of the world’s countries. That model is at odds with the availability of energy and other material resources. If this model along with its consumption-driven societies do not alter course, the report’s high and medium risk scenarios are likely to be realized.
Engagement Resources
Click or tap on resource URL to visit links where available
https://www.ipcc.ch/reports/ authoritative knowledge on climate change, its causes, potential impacts and response options.
https://www.postcarbon.org/ provides individuals and communities with the resources needed to understand and respond to the interrelated ecological, economic, energy, and equity crises of the 21st century.
https://www.c2es.org/ advances strong policy and ambitious action to: reduce greenhouse gas emissions; promote and accelerate the clean energy transition.
https://www.cleanenergywire.org/ produces and facilitates top-quality journalism about the energy transition.
As Cannabis is Increasingly Being Legalized, What Are Its Health Risks and Benefits?
As Cannabis is Increasingly Being Legalized, What Are Its Health Risks and Benefits?
Health and Gender Policy Brief #148 | By: Inijah Quadri | March 20, 2022
Header photo taken from: Medical News Today
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Photo taken from: The Daily Beast
Policy Summary
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In 36 states, medicinal marijuana is permitted, and in 14, it is lawful to consume marijuana recreationally. On the subject of legalizing marijuana, this article examines papers published in top economic, public policy, and medical publications, concentrating on the health repercussions of cannabis legalization.
Our article examines the impacts of legalization on adult and adolescent cannabis users. The legalization of recreational cannabis use in the US has drastically cut the price of cannabis, increased its potency, and made it more available to consumers. As such, the regular use of cannabis should be monitored. Cannabis legalization and regulation necessitate the study of the health repercussions of these policy changes, and this knowledge should be used to design ways of regulating marijuana that minimize negative health effects.
There is strong evidence that where medicinal marijuana is permitted, alcohol-dependent individuals consume less alcohol. However, the impact of recreational marijuana legalization on other critical public health outcomes needs to be discussed. Research is being done, but additional data needs to be obtained, allowing us to make more solid findings.
Policy Analysis
Cannabis is known by many different names: dope, weed, marijuana, hemp. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, cannabis is the second most often used psychoactive drug in the United States after alcohol and before nicotine. Cannabis is most often used by adolescents and young adults. Cannabis, formerly seen as a deadly gateway drug, is now more widely accepted as a drug that can be used on its own. Recreational marijuana use is increasingly legal in more and more places throughout the world.
So is it good for the populace? Is marijuana a gateway drug that should be avoided, or is it a cure-all? In the last several months, numerous studies have been released demonstrating both the dangers and the advantages of the hemp plant and its various compounds.
Researchers recently released the results of a study, which indicated that cannabis users have increased sexual function and greater orgasms. A reduction in fear and guilt (as a result of cannabis use) can lead to better sex, according to the experts. To put it another way, those who consume alcohol or smoke marijuana may have better sex.
On the other hand, contrary to popular belief, cannabis usage can cause long-term cognitive decline, especially in children and adolescents whose brains are still growing. There is a negative impact on decision-making and cognitive abilities, as well as on the amount of time it takes to accomplish mental tasks. And the effects of such “drunkenness” might last for a long time.
Photo taken from: Nature
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Another European research study, published in 2019, found that everyday marijuana smokers are three times more likely to suffer from psychotic episodes than those who do not use the drug. Another group of researchers found an eightfold increase in psychoses.
Advocates of legalizing cannabis argue that making it available at state-run dispensaries, as well as limiting the amount of THC in the medicine and requiring additives to be clearly labeled, will significantly lessen the substance’s health risks.
Proponents also argue that removing the stigma associated with being a cannabis user will allow for more open access to treatment and preventative programs. Without fear of repercussions from the law and/or public stigmatization, people might learn about the dangers of cannabis use and discuss their concerns with trained professionals who can help them.
Engagement Resources
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Addiction (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.15764)
Di Forti M, Quattrone D, Freeman TP, Tripoli G, Gayer-Anderson C, Quigley H, Rodriguez V, Jongsma HE, Ferraro L, La Cascia C, La Barbera D, Tarricone I, Berardi D, Szöke A, Arango C, Tortelli A, Velthorst E, Bernardo M, Del-Ben CM, Menezes PR, Selten JP, Jones PB, Kirkbride JB, Rutten BP, de Haan L, Sham PC, van Os J, Lewis CM, Lynskey M, Morgan C, Murray RM; EU-GEI WP2 Group. The contribution of cannabis use to variation in the incidence of psychotic disorder across Europe (EU-GEI): a multicentre case-control study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019 May;6(5):427-436. Doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30048-3. Epub 2019 Mar 19. PMID: 30902669; PMCID: PMC7646282. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30902669/)
Gahr M, Ziller J, Keller F, Schönfeldt-Lecuona C. Increasing Proportion of Cannabinoid-Associated Psychotic Disorders: Results of a Single-Center Analysis of Treatment Data From 2011 to 2019. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2020 Nov/Dec;40(6):642-645. Doi: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001278. PMID: 33009227. (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33009227/)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/what-scope-marijuana-use-in-united-states)
Roman, Pablo & Ortiz-Rodriguez, Ana & Romero-Lopez, Ana & Rodriguez-Arrastia, Miguel & Ropero-Padilla, Carmen & Sánchez-Labraca, Nuria & Rueda-Ruzafa, Lola. (2022). The Influence of Cannabis and Alcohol Use on Sexuality: An Observational Study in Young People (18–30 Years). Healthcare. 10. 71. 10.3390/healthcare10010071. (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357478672_The_Influence_of_Cannabis_and_Alcohol_Use_on_Sexuality_An_Observational_Study_in_Young_People_18-30_Years)
Subbaraman M. S. (2014). Can cannabis be considered a substitute medication for alcohol?. Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 49(3), 292–298. (https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agt182)